Animated display device



Feb. 10, 1942. F. HOTCHNER ANIMATED DISPLAY DEVICE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed June 17. 1940 INVENTOR- Feb. 10, 1942. F. HOTCHNER ANIMATEDDISPLAY DEVICE 2 Sheets- Sheet 2 Filed June 17, l 940 INVENTOR PatentedFeb. 10, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 16 Claims.

This invention relates to animated display devices and is particularlysuited for the production of animation effects in electric signs of thegaseous conduction lighting tube type, in which connection it is shownin the accompanying drawings as preferred embodiments. It is notlimited, however, to electric signs, or to the type of illuminationshown,*but is adaptable in vari-' ous of its features to a wide varietyof display and decorative uses and in certain features to uses in whichthe illumination is by extraneous sources.

'It is an object of the invention to produce animation devices which aresimple, low in cost, and easily maintained. As the devices may beconstructed as detachable units which fit over the tubing on completedsigns without making contact with the tubing, they may be removed forservicing without taking th signs out of service.

In the application of animation devices to high voltage gaseous signs,or like uses, the provision of current to the motor which drives themoving element is a problem of some moment. It is an object of thepresent invention to provide an ani mation device, the motor of whichoperates in series with the lighting tubes, utilizing the current whichflows through th tubes. An extra low voltage wire to the motor is thusunnecessary and animation units may be positioned at any place on thedisplay however remote from the outlet point, or a number of separateanimation devices may at convenience be located at various points aroundthe display.

It is a further object to produce an animation device which may bepositioned on the sign body above and clear of the tubing, that is tosay, in front of the tubing to the observers view, without makingcontact with the tubing except at the point where the tube electrodesmake contact in the motor box as hereinbelow explained. The animationdevice may cover a portion of the tube which is to appear animated, orportions of several pieces of tubing, other portions continuing onwardto other parts of the display; thus making it unnecessary to provideseparate tube sections for the animation effect.

It is a further object to produce an animation device of the classdescribed, which supports the motor spaced clear from the sign body andwell insulated to all points of ground potentiaL'thereby permitting theuse of motors of the low voltage type in series with the high voltagelighting tubes with but little special provision for insulation beyondthe voltage which is consumed in the motor itself.

A motor which consumes 110 volts and. about 3 Watts of power willrequire approximately the same current that flows through the ordinarygaseouslighting tube. A these lighting tube circuits may be, as muchas7500 volts above ground potential I have provided a construction wherebyvery little more, if any, than the potential necessary to operate themotor exists at any point where it will stress ,the motor insulation. Vi The present invention-has as one of its objects to eliminate thenecessityfor revolving one of the interceptors, as is done'jwith thedevice of my Patent No. 2,097,123, and to produce an animation effect bygyrating one interceptor with respect to the other. That is to say, themoving interceptor is moved bodily along a path, which is a small circlearound the center of the device. The interceptor itself need not revolvearound the eccentric center. The amount of movement necessary is veryslight and a very small amount of power will suffice to produce effectshere-' according over a very considerabl display surface.

In this connection it is a further object to take advantage of the veryslight movement involved in the device by making use of light plasticsheeting for the moving element in a type of construction impracticablewhen the moving element revolves. I

Another object of the invention is to provide displays having animationborders, or animation areas which need not follow border designs, whichare rectangular or follow any desired design'departing widely from roundborders. By

gyrating my interceptor disk instead of turning it around the drivpoint, a variety of border forms may be animated. In this connection,the

concentric lining of the disks simplifies the problem of guiding themoving member as a small amount of rotary movement incident to looseguidance of the moving member will have no effect on the animation.

Various other objects of the invention will, be apparent from thefollowing specification taken in connection with the drawings.

The invention is shown in certain preferred embodiments thereof in theaccompanying drawings in which the same reference numeral appearing inseveral views is to be understood as referring to the same, or theequivalent part throughout. It is to be understood that the inventionmay b variously modified and embodied within the purview of the claimsand is to be g V 7 limitations whichspecifically-appear inthe claim.

limited only by the prior art and Figure 1 is the front view of theupper portion of a gaseous conduction lighting tube sign, having ananimation device positioned in front of certain portions of decorativetubes, which tubes continue onward to other parts of th sign not shown.The effect produced is that of a whirling disc.

Figure 2, which is a side view of same, shows the manner in which thegaseous tubing continues on from behind the animation units and to otherparts of the sign and also shows the motor box.

Figure 3 is a front view of the same sign section on a smaller scale,with the animation device removed showing the terminals of the tubingwhich make contact with the motor box. The position of the box is shownby a broken line.

Figure 4 is an elevation of a portion of the moving interceptor disc.Figure 5 is a fragmentary cross section of the animation unit taken asshown by the section line 5-5 in Figure 1 and showing the relation ofthe interceptor discs, coverglasses and the motor, and showing in brokenlines a portion of one of the gaseous tubes entering the electrodhousings in the motor box.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary rear elevation of a portion of th animationdevice on an enlarged scale, showing the details of the motor box andportions of two of the tubes which enter'and make contact in the motorbox.

Figures 7 to 10 are shadow diagrams of the effects produced by variousdifferent eccentric displacements of the moving dial.

Figure 11 is a front elevation of another embodiment of the invention inwhich a rectangular traveling border is produced along a gaseousconduction lighting tube by means of an interceptor disc which is movedin an eccentric manner around a point near the center of the displaydevice. Figure 12 is a cross section of the same, taken as indicated bysection line l2-I2 in Figure 11, showing the device mounted on a signbody. This device is typical of a variety of border deviceswhich may beconstructed hereaccording.

In Figure 1 and the related View the upper portion of sign body properon which my device is used, is indicated by the numeral l, the animationunit proper by numeral 2. Mounted in front of the sign body by means ofinsulating posts 3-3 etc., are various gaseous conduction lightingtubes, certain portions of which are shown on the views. The tube 4forms a double loop behind the animation unit with the ends continuingoff to the portion of the sign not shown. The tubes 5 and 6 formportions of double loops and terminate .behind the animation.

units in electrode terminals 1 and 8 respectively in a position suchthat the motor box 9 will fit down over these terminals, with theterminals extending into the insulating housings l and II. The motor 12within this box is connected to the terminal housings by means of theleads I3 and M. The motor thus operates in series with the tubes ands.The opposite sections of tubes 5 and 6 are on the portion of the signnot shown in the view and are connected in the usual manner to the highvoltage terminal of a transformer. The motor housing 9 may be made ofdielectric material, such as porcelain or glass when the voltage of the.circuit is sufficiently high. In the view it has been shown as a metalbox, which suflices for most uses. The motor should be insulated foravoltage somewhat higher than the voltage dropped through the motorits-elf, as a matter of precaution, but the parts of the motor need notbe insulated from each other to a materially higher degree thanordinarily practiced with motors of low voltage type. The motor with itsbox is mounted on the rearward glass plate 15, which effectivelyinsulates it from the metal part of the animation unit and providesprotection against the high voltage of the tube circuit.

The animation unit includes the glass plates l5 and I6 spaced from eachother around the edge by the filler I1 and held together by the threesectors l8, I9 and 20 of the frame 29 around the edge. These sectors aresoldered together at the joints with the feet 2|, 22 and 23, which aremounted on the sign body by means of sheet metal screws 24. Between theglass plates is a disc of light permeable material 25, which is driveneccentrically by the hub 26 on the motor shaft 21. This disc may be madeof any suitable light permeable material, such as the plastic sheetingmentioned above. It is not necessary that the sheet itself rotates andin fact, it is preferable that it merely shifts bodily without rotatingaround the eccentric center. Therefore, I have shown a groove 28, inwhich the sheet is free to slide. mechanical detail maybe substitutedfor this feature,- if desired.

According to the preferred construction of these views, displays areconstructed in all respects consistent with standard approved practices,with the luminous tubes mounted on the sign body by insulating posts andconnected to high voltage transformers. The entire animation unit,including the driving motor, ready to mount on the sign body, isconstructed as a unit. The tubes which are to appear animated areconstructed with a pair of terminals formed and located so that the unitmay be set over the terminals when it is mounted to the sign body andthus complete a circuit through the motor with the two tubes thusinvolved. When only one tube is involved in the animatlion effectanother connection is provided for the other unit terminal to the highvoltage circuit.

As the unit itself is an effective insulator for the motor, the onlyvoltage drop through the motor, and consequently the measure of the dutyimposed on the internal insulation of the motor, will be that voltagewhich the motor will normally consume for the given current flow.However, inasmuch as the tube circuit voltage is in that voltage rangein which corona discharge becomes a factor, the motor should becarefully mounted that it is insulated from atmosphere paths back toground. For this reason it is advisable to design the insulation of themotor so that all points which can become starting points of airdischarges are adequately protected or so related to other parts of thedevice that the discharge will be harmless.

By the c onnection of the motor in the high voltage circuit, animationunits may be applied being comparatively easily done. In certain j,

Any other suitable.

cases the terminals of the old tubes may be left unchanged and otherconnections between the tubes and the motor provided.

I prefer that this invention be practiced so that the animation effectsappear to follow the course of the luminous tubes. That is to say, thetubes themselves are actually visible through the interceptor discs, theanimation effect being produced by the order in which certain portionsof the tubes are obscured to view or the light thereof altered by themovement of the moving interceptor. There will, of course, be a certainamount of light reflected from the sign body around the tube whichcontributes to the effect. It is permissible to practice this inventionby more or less diffusing the light of the tube as it passes through theback plate, and in certain aspects the invention may be practiced withother types of illumination within the purview of the claims.

Various effects may be produced by this device by modifications of thelining of the discs and by modification of the form of the luminoustubes. The most desirable effect, and the one which is chosen toillustrate the invention, is the whirling disc. In this effect, the discdefined by the exposed surface of the display appears to turn onerevolution for each movement of the interceptor around the eccentricpath. The radius of this eccentric movement will be the less, the finerthe disc linings. Thus, if the lines have a one-eighth inch spacing, theeffect shown in Figure 7 will appear by displacing the discs suficientthat the lines of one disc cover the adjacent corresponding open spacesof the other. This will be one-sixteenth of an inch radial displacement,or a total displacement will be oneeighth of an inch. As a line spacingof oneeighth of an inch may easily be provided for a disc as much as 24inches in diameter, it is apparent that very considerable apparentmovement around the disc is produced by an insignificant mechanicalmovement.

The moving disc may be made of very light material which may be guidedby the glass plates.

Thus, as shown in Figure the glasses [5 and I6 guide the disc .25. Therelative glass spacing may be much reduced from that shown in the view.A spacing of a sixteenth of an inch between the glass with a plasticdisc of tenthousandths of an inch is good proportioning for line spacingof from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch.

The lining on the discs may be either opaque or translucent. The discsmay also be constructed from material which is punched, etched orotherwise cut out for the open spaces. The lines may be formed bypainting or any other suitable method on the discs. When translucentcolors are used on the discs different colors may b used for the lineson the two discs to provide multi-color effects.

In Figures 1, 4 and 6 I have indicated the lines as black by verticaland horizontal cross shading on the front cover glass, as indicated by30, 30, etc., and by diagonal cross shading on the movable disc asindicated by 3|, 3| etc. The rear glass I5 need not bear a pattern. Themost striking effects are secured by leaving the open spaces between thelines on both discs fully transparent, thus exposing the tube direct toview to the observer. The effect is secured by the direct transmissionof light from the tube and the background to the observer through theopenings between the obscuring lines.

' Preferably the finish should be on the proximate surfaces of themoving disc and the cover glass and these surfaces should run as closetogether as practicable to avoid distortion to the angular View. Iprefer to put the finish on the inside surface of the cover glass andthe front surface of the moving disc.

In the device shown in Figure 1 and related views the displacement ofthe moving disc is just sufficient to shift the lines thereof to coverthe adjacent corresponding open spaces of the cover glass. The effectresulting from this displacement is shown by the shadow diagram ofFigure '7. The lines on the cover glass are concentrio with the motorshaft and on the moving disc with the hub 25. By further displacementother effects are produced. Thus Figure 8 shows the shadow effectproduced by the displacement of the moving disc one full line spacingdistance. Figure 9 shows the effect produced by one and one line spacingdisplacement and Figure 10 by two line spacing displacement.

Various other circuitous line arrangements than the circular designshown may be used within the purview of the claims with strikingeffects. The invention may also be practiced in certain of its featureswith any line arrangement which produces animation effects.

The response of the eye to bright lights follows a flattening curve.Thus, a source may increase in brightness by a factor of two, but willproduce an impression of brightness much less than two. Further doublingof the source brightness produces even less proportionateincrease in thesense of brightness. Expressed otherwise the eye is increasingly acutein perceiving dimmer sources. For this reason if a person observes alight source which increases in straight line function from zero to agiven value and falls to zero periodically along a given surface toproduce dark and light regions as in the devices hereof, he willperceive the light regions as much larger than the dark regions.Therefore, in order to enhance the dark regions in my device I make thelines somewhat wider than the spaces between them. A ratio of 9 to '7has been found most satisfactory for the usual case, producing apronounced dark spot without too much sacrifice of illumination.

It is to be noted that with the arrangement of tubing shown, the effectalong the tubes is produced by the slantwise movement of the lines ofone disc over the lines of the other in front of the tube, reciprocatingat an opposite slant for each opposite movement of the reciprocation, atany given point. This produces the effect of continual movement in onedirection along the tube, or along any given tangent line of thebackground surface behind the discs.

By various other line and surface arrangements, various other effectsmay be produced. In Figures 11 and 12 I have shown a modification of theinvention in which a rectangular border is produced around a copy space.The sign shown may be taken as typical of such combination displays,subject to the wide variations in detail which may be made within thepractices of the art. Thus, the copy may be provided by translucentfinishing of the cover glass. 01' it may be painted on the background ofthe sign body. Or it may be delineated by tubing mounted on thebackground, or otherwise by any known construction. Likewise, variousborder forms may be had, such as diamond shape, shield, etc.

The cover glass, indicated by 50, is mounted in a frame 55 and supportedfrom the sign body by the legs 55, 56, etc., in front of the luminousborder tube 52. The animation is here confined to the border portion 53which is lined concentric with the motor shaft in the same manner as thedevice described above, with the copy space 51 clear of lines anddevoted to the translucent copy which is shown in simple outline andfinished in any desired fashion. The copy is lighted by the direct andreflected rays from the tube, the center portion of the movinginterceptor disc 54 being left clear for the passage of rays and linedaround the border portion concentric with the eccentrically driven hubcenter. The luminous tube thus forms th animated border and also lightsthe copy.

The interceptor in this case is shown as a disc of light permeablematerial which is selfsupporting and guided by the frame. It is notnecessary that this disc move with a parallel movement. As it isgyrated, the lines being con-' centric with the hub center, will producethe same effect at any position. The frame thus forms a very simple andeffective guide for the disc, the slight rotation of the disc being ofno moment.

As used in the claims the following terms are to be understood as havingthe significance which follows:

The terms of the claims are to be broadly construed as embracing allsubstantial equivalents thereof.

The term dark region embraces intensity variations as regards anyspectral component of the light.

The term circuitous design embraces any pattern or design having acircuitous component.

The term illuminant embraces any light source of the type described orany luminous object or surface so utilized. By the term lightintercepting member and similar terms I intend to include a member orportion which effects the intensity or character of light.

The term sheet member shall be construed to apply to a surface of theilluminant itself when a surface thereof is provided with lightintercepting means and used as the equivalent of one sheet member in thecombinations described and claimed, and also embraces any fabricatedstructure substantially equivalent to and functioning in the same manneras the sheet members shown in the drawings.

The term design is to include any ornamental or inscriptive outline.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim is:

1. An animated display including an elongated illuminant in the form ofa pattern along which the effect of animation is to be produced and atleast partially enclosing a non-circular copy space, a pair of sheetmembers positioned one in front of the other in front of said illuminantand having each a plurality of light intercepting segments over theregion which is to appear animated, there being non-animated copyexposed to view over said copy space, and means to shift one of saidsheet members relative to the other to traverse the segments of one overthe segments of the other to produce an animation effect along saidilluminant without general rotation of the moving member.

2. An animated display including an elongated illuminant in the form ofa non-circular pattern along which the effect of animation is to beproduced and at least partially enclosing a copy space, a pair of sheetmembers positioned one in front of the other in front of said illuminantand having each a plurality of light intercepting segments over theregion which is to appear animated, there being non-animated copyexposed to view over said copy space, and means to shift one of saidsheet members relative to the other to traverse the segments of one overthe segments of the other to produce an animation effect along saidilluminant without general rotation of the moving member.

3. An animated display including an elongated illuminant in the form. ofa pattern along which the effect of animation is to be produced and atleast partially enclosing a non-circular copy space, a pair of sheetmembers positioned one in front of the other in front of said illuminantand having each a plurality of light intercepting segments over theregion which is to be animated, there being non-animated copy in saidcopy space illuminated by sidewise radiation from said illuminant, andmeans to shift one of said sheet members relative to the other totraverse the segments of' one over the segments of the other to producean animation effect along said illuminant without generation rotation ofthe movin member.

4. An animated display including an elongated illuminant in the form ofa non-circular pattern along which the effect of animation is to beproduced and at least partially enclosing a copy space, a pair of sheetmembers positioned one in front of the other in front of said illuminantand having each a plurality of light intercepting segments over theregion which is to appear animated, there being non-animated copy insaid copy space illuminated by sidewise radiation from said illuminant,and means to shift one of said sheet members relative to the other totraverse the segments of one over the segments of the other to producean animation effect along said illuminant without general rotation ofthe moving member.

5. A display device including an inscription member displaying acircuitous design and a light intercepting member coextensive with andin front of the same and having at least one light intercepting portionsimilar in outline to said design, and means to shift one of saidmembers relative to the other bodily in its plane in a circuitous pathin such manner that each portion thereof traces a circuitous pathnon-concentric with the paths traced by the other portions thereof insuch manner as to shift said light intercepting portion back and forthacross the said design in different directions and time order from placeto place along said design to variously expose and conceal the same andthereby produce the effect of animation therealong.

6. A display device including an elongated illuminant, a pair of lightinterceptor members coextensive with each other and said illuminant,movable one relative to the other, one in front of the other, in frontof said illuminant, and having each a plurality of light interceptingsegments relatively narrow as compared to said i1- luminant, extendingin the general direction thereof and spaced from each other crosswisethereof, there being light permeable spaces thus provided between thesegments of each of said members through which said illuminant may beseen by its own light when the spaces of one of said members are inregistry with the spaces of the other said member to View, and means toshift one of said members transverse of said illuminant relative to theother said member with the segments thereof at a slant to the segmentsof the other in such manner as to bring the said open spaces intoregistry between the two members to View progressively from place toplace along the illuminant to produce the eifect of animationtherealong. r

7. A display device-including an elongated illuminant, a pair of lightinterceptor members coextensive with each other and said illuminant,movable one relative to the other, one in front of the other, in frontof said illuminant, and having each a plurality of lightinterceptingsegments relatively narrow as compared to said illuminant,

extending in the general direction thereof and spaced from each othercrosswise thereof, there being light permeable spaces thus providedbetween the segments of each of said members through which saidilluminant may be seen by its own light when the spaces of one of saidmembers are in registry with the spaces of the other said member toview, and means to reciprocate one of said members across the othertransverse of said illuminant with the segments thereof at a slant tothe segments of the other and at an opposite slant for each oppositemovement of reciprocation, whereby to bring the open spaces of one ofsaid members into registry to view with the open spaces of the othersaid member progressively in the same direction from place to placealong said illuminant for both movements to produce the effect ofanimation therealong by the order of exposure of successive portions ofsaid illuminant thereby,

8. A display device including an elongated illuminant, a pair of lightinterceptor members coextensive with each other and said illuminant,movable one relative to the other, one in front of the other, in frontof said illuminant, and having each a plurality of light interceptingsegments relatively narrow as compared to said illuminant, extending inthe general direction thereof and spaced from each other crosswisethereof, there being light permeable spaces thus provided between thesegments of each of said members through which said illuminant may beseen by its own light when the spaces of one of said members are inregistry with the spaces of the other said member to view, and means toshift one of said members transverse of said illuminant relative to theother said member with the segments thereof at a slant to the segmentsof the other and changing in the degree of slant as the member moves insuch order as to bring the said spaces of the two members into registryin spaced apart groups along the illuminant and moving in appearancetherealong at a changing speed by virtue of the changing registry ofsaid spaces.

9. A display device including an elongated illuminant, a pair of lightinterceptor members coextensive with each other and said illuminant,movable one relative to the other, one in front of the other, in frontof said illuminant, and having each a plurality of light interceptingsegments relatively narrow as compared to said illuminant, extending inthe general direction thereof and spaced from each other crosswisethereof, there being light permeable spaces thus provided between thesegments of each of said members through which said illuminant may beseen by its own light when the spaces of one of said members are inregistry with the spaces of the other said member to V ew, andmeans' toshift one of said members relative tothe other bodily along a circuitouspath in such manner that each portion thereof traces a circuitous pathnon-concentric with thepaths traced by other portions thereof totraverse the segments thereof across the segments of the other tovariously expose portions of said illuminant bythe various registry ofsaid spaces and thereby produce an apparent animation therealong.

10. A display device including an elongated illuminant in the outline ofa non-circular circuitous design, a pair of light interceptor memberscoextensive with each other and said illuminant, movable one relative tothe other, one in front of the other, in front of said illuminant, andhaving each a plurality of light intercepting segments relatively narrowas compared to said illuminant, extending in the general directionthereof and spaced from each other crosswise thereof, there being lightpermeable spaces thus provided between the segments of each of saidmembers through which said illuminant may be seen by its own light whenthe spaces of one of said members are in registrywith the spaces of theother member to view, and means" to shift one of said members relativeto the other bodily along a circuitous path in such manner that eachportion thereof traces a circuitous path non-concentric with the pathstraced by other portions thereof whereby to shift the segments thereofacross the segments of the other member in different directions and timeorder from place to place along said illuminant.

11. A display device including an elongated illuminant in the outline ofa circuitous design and a light interceptor member coextensive with andin front of the same and having at least one light intercepting portionsimilar in outline to said design, and means to shift one of saidmembers bodily in its plane in a circuitous path in such manner thateach portion thereof traces a circuitous path non-concentric with thepaths traced by the other portions thereof in such manner as to shiftsaid light intercepting portion back and forth across said illuminant indifferent directions and time order from place to place along the sameto variously expose and conceal the same and thereby produce the effectof animation therealong.

12. An animation display including a conductive sign body, a highvoltage gaseous conduction lighting tube mounted thereon, an animationproducing device having a moving part and a low voltage motor drivingthe same positioned in front of at least one portion of saidlightingtube and having a socket portion adapted to receive an electrodeterminal of said lighting tube and a connection from said motor to saidsocket adapted to make contact with said terminal, said motor being ofitself insufficiently insulated to withstand the voltage of the circuitthus formed, said animation producing device including motor mountingmeans carrying said motor and insulating the same from said sign body tothe full potential of said circuit.

13. An animation producing display including a conductive sign body, apair of high voltage gaseous conduction lighting tubes mounted thereonand having each an electrode terminal adja-- cent a terminal of theother, an animation producing device positioned in front of at least aportion of one of said tubes and having a socket portion into which saidterminals extend and make contact with suitable terminal contacts, a lowvoltage motor included in said animation device having connection tosaid terminal contacts, a step up transformer and connections to theother terminals of said lighting tubes, said motor being of itselfinsufficiently insulated to withstand the voltage of the circuit thusformed, said animation device including motor mounting means carryingsaid motor and insulating the same to the full potential of the circuitthus formed.

14. A display device comprising an illuminant in the outline of adesign, a member co-extensive with said illuminant, said member havinglight intercepting portions thereon similar in outline to the designformed by said illuminant while other portions of said-memben'are lightpermeable, a shaft, an eccentric connection between said shaft and saidmember, and means for rotating said shaftto bodily move said member inprogressively changing directions in its own plane without substantialrotation to thereby create the effect of animation of the design byprogressive exposure and concealment of successive portions of saidilluminant by said light intercepting portions ofsaid member.

15. A display device comprising an illuminant v in the outline of adesign, a member co-extensive withsaid illuminant, said member havinglight intercepting portions thereon similar in outline to the designformed by said illuminant while other portions of said member are lightpermeable, a hub in said member rotatable with respect thereto and meansfor rotating said hub eceentrically to thereby bodily move said memberin progressively changing directions in its own plane without generalrotation to thus create the eifect of animation of the design byprogressive exposure and concealment of suecessive portions of saidilluminant by said light intercepting portions of said member.

16. A display device including an illuminant member in the outline of adesign and having a light interceptor member co-extensive with and infront of the same and having at least one light intercepting portionsimilar in outline tosa-id illuminant member and means to reciprocateone of said members back and forth crosswise of the other, slantwise andat an opposite slant for each opposite movement of reciprocation,whereby to produce the effect of animation along said illuminant by theorder of exposure and concealment of successive portions of saidilluminant member by said light interceptor member.

FRED HOTCHNER

